All Known Logical Fallacies.

A topic that AI doesn’t want to end a conversation about.

AI prompt 1:

please give me all known logical fallacies in separate bullet points, even if some of them are technically in the same category:

AI response 1:

Here are known logical fallacies, listed as separate bullet points for clarity, even when some fall into overlapping categories.

– Base rate fallacy
– Conjunction fallacy
– Non sequitur
– Masked-man fallacy
– Affirming a disjunct
– Affirming the consequent
– Denying the antecedent
– Affirmative conclusion from a negative premise
– Fallacy of exclusive premises
– Fallacy of four terms (quaternio terminorum)
– Illicit major
– Illicit minor
– Negative conclusion from affirmative premises
– Continuum fallacy (sorites, heap, beard, line-drawing)
– Suppressed correlative
– Motte-and-bailey fallacy
– Fallacy of accent
– Etymological fallacy
– Fallacy of composition
– Fallacy of division
– False dilemma (false dichotomy, bifurcation, black-or-white)
– False equivalence
– Feedback fallacy
– Kettle logic
– Ludic fallacy
– Lump of Labour fallacy
– McNamara fallacy (quantitative)
– Mind projection fallacy
– Nirvana fallacy (perfect solution)
– Package deal
– Proof by assertion (argumentum ad infinitum, argumentum ad nauseam)
– Retrospective determinism
– Slippery slope (thin edge of the wedge, camel’s nose)
– Cherry picking
– Nut-picking
– Survivorship bias
– Cum hoc ergo propter hoc (correlation implies causation)
– Post hoc ergo propter hoc (temporal sequence implies causation)
– Wrong direction (reverse causation)
– Ignoring a common cause
– Fallacy of the single cause (causal oversimplification)
– Furtive fallacy
– Magical thinking
– p-hacking (data dredging)
– Garden of forking paths fallacy
– Sunk cost fallacy
– Traitorous critic fallacy (ergo decedo)
– Bulverism (psychogenetic fallacy)
– Association fallacy (guilt by association, honor by association)
– Logic chopping (nit-picking, trivial objections)
– Fallacy of relative privation (appeal to worse problems)
– Genetic fallacy
– Straw man fallacy
– Texas sharpshooter fallacy
– Tu quoque (appeal to hypocrisy, whataboutism)
– Red herring
– Hasty generalization
– Circular argument
– No true Scotsman
– Appeal to authority
– Appeal to ignorance
– Appeal to emotion (ad misericordiam, ad populum, ad baculum)
– Bandwagon fallacy
– Ad hominem
– Begging the question
– Loaded question
– False cause
– Gambler’s fallacy
– Middle ground fallacy
– Moral high ground fallacy
– Double standard
– Moving the goalposts
– Equivocation
– Appeal to tradition
– Appeal to novelty
– Spotlight fallacy
– Composition/division errors
– Confirmation bias
– Argument from silence
– Appeal to consequences
– Appeal to nature
– Appeal to fear
– Appeal to flattery
– Appeal to pity

This compilation merges both classic and modern logical fallacies, including those that are less commonly discussed in formal logic.

AI prompt 2 (follow-up):

please give me now those fallacies in separate categories — in bullet points — referring to the separate fallacies under each category. if some of the fallacies fit under more categories than one, you can repeat them.

AI response 2:

Here is a categorized list of logical fallacies with fallacies repeated under multiple relevant categories when applicable:

### Formal Logical Fallacies (Errors in argument structure)
– Affirming the consequent
– Denying the antecedent
– Illicit major
– Illicit minor
– Fallacy of exclusive premises
– Fallacy of four terms (quaternio terminorum)
– Affirmative conclusion from a negative premise
– Negative conclusion from affirmative premises
– Non sequitur
– Continuum fallacy (heap, sorites)
– False dilemma (false dichotomy)

### Informal Logical Fallacies (Errors in content, context, or language)

#### Fallacies of Relevance (Irrelevant information)
– Ad hominem (including tu quoque)
– Appeal to authority (when authority is irrelevant or biased)
– Appeal to ignorance
– Appeal to emotion (ad misericordiam, ad populum, ad baculum)
– Bandwagon fallacy
– Red herring (including straw man)
– Genetic fallacy
– Association fallacy (guilt by association)
– Kettle logic
– Motte-and-bailey fallacy
– Burden of proof fallacy
– Snapshot fallacy (spotlight)
– Appeal to tradition
– Appeal to novelty

#### Fallacies of Ambiguity (Language confusion)
– Equivocation
– Amphiboly
– Accent fallacy
– Misleading vividness

#### Fallacies of Presumption (Unjustified assumptions)
– Begging the question (circular reasoning)
– Complex question (many questions)
– False cause (post hoc, cum hoc)
– Slippery slope
– Hasty generalization
– False analogy
– Middle ground fallacy
– No true Scotsman
– Loaded question

#### Fallacies of Faulty Generalization
– Hasty generalization
– Sweeping generalization
– Fallacy of composition
– Fallacy of division

#### Fallacies of Causation
– Post hoc ergo propter hoc
– Cum hoc ergo propter hoc
– Ignoring a common cause
– Single cause fallacy (causal oversimplification)
– Retrospective determinism

#### Fallacies involving Statistics or Data
– Survivorship bias
– Cherry picking
– Texas sharpshooter fallacy
– P-hacking
– Garden of forking paths fallacy
– Sunk cost fallacy

### Psychological or Rhetorical Fallacies
– Bulverism (attacking the person’s motives rather than argument)
– Bandwagon fallacy
– Appeal to emotion
– Appeal to consequences
– Appeal to flattery
– Loaded question

This classification is based on traditional logic distinctions of formal vs informal fallacies, with informal falling into subcategories based on relevance, ambiguity, presumption, causation, and psychological tactics. Some fallacies appear in multiple categories like the slippery slope (presumption and causation) or ad hominem (relevance and psychological tactic) due to overlapping features.

AI prompt 3 (follow-up):

thanks, excellent work!

AI response 3:

Logical fallacies can be classified into several main categories with specific fallacies listed under each. Some fallacies appear in multiple categories due to overlapping characteristics. Here is a comprehensive categorized list based on the latest aggregated information:

### Formal Fallacies (Errors in Logical Form or Deduction)
– Affirming the consequent
– Denying the antecedent
– Illicit major
– Illicit minor
– Fallacy of exclusive premises
– Fallacy of four terms (quaternio terminorum)
– Affirmative conclusion from a negative premise
– Negative conclusion from affirmative premises
– Non sequitur
– Continuum fallacy (fallacy of the beard, sorites)
– False dilemma (false dichotomy, bifurcation)

### Informal Fallacies (Errors in Content, Context, or Language)

#### Fallacies of Relevance (Introducing Irrelevant Information)
– Ad hominem (including tu quoque, circumstantial)
– Appeal to authority (when authority is irrelevant or biased)
– Appeal to ignorance
– Appeal to emotion (ad misericordiam, ad populum, ad baculum)
– Bandwagon (ad populum)
– Red herring (including straw man and genetic fallacy)
– Association fallacy (guilt by association, honor by association)
– Kettle logic
– Motte-and-bailey fallacy
– Burden of proof fallacy
– Loaded question
– Spotlight fallacy
– Appeal to tradition
– Appeal to novelty

#### Fallacies of Ambiguity (Ambiguous Language or Misleading Use of Words)
– Equivocation
– Amphiboly
– Fallacy of accent
– Misleading vividness

#### Fallacies of Presumption (Unwarranted Assumptions)
– Begging the question (circular reasoning)
– Complex question
– False cause (post hoc ergo propter hoc, cum hoc ergo propter hoc)
– Slippery slope
– Hasty generalization
– False analogy
– Middle ground fallacy
– No true Scotsman
– Loaded question

#### Fallacies of Faulty Generalization
– Hasty generalization
– Sweeping generalization
– Fallacy of composition
– Fallacy of division

#### Fallacies of Causation (Incorrect Causal Inferences)
– Post hoc ergo propter hoc
– Cum hoc ergo propter hoc
– Ignoring a common cause
– Single cause fallacy (causal oversimplification)
– Retrospective determinism

#### Fallacies Involving Statistics or Data
– Survivorship bias
– Cherry picking
– Texas sharpshooter fallacy
– P-hacking (data dredging)
– Garden of forking paths fallacy
– Sunk cost fallacy

#### Psychological or Rhetorical Fallacies (Persuasive but Illogical)
– Bulverism (attacking motives instead of argument)
– Bandwagon
– Appeal to emotion
– Appeal to consequences
– Appeal to flattery
– Loaded question
– Moral high ground fallacy
– Double standard
– Moving the goalposts

This classification includes traditional formal and informal fallacies along with subcategories for relevance, ambiguity, presumption, causation, statistics, and rhetoric. Spread across categories, fallacies like the slippery slope and ad hominem appear multiple times to reflect their multi-faceted nature in argumentation.

AI prompt 4 (follow-up):

would you like to add something? for example, how’s the best to memorize all the fallacies.

AI response 4:

To memorize logical fallacies, use strategies that connect each fallacy to vivid images, personal examples, or interactive techniques. The memory palace method is very effective—associate each fallacy with an image and place it somewhere in a familiar setting (like rooms in a house), recalling each by “walking through” these locations in your mind. Spaced repetition techniques—such as flashcard apps like Anki—can help reinforce fallacy concepts over time by prompting you to recall them just before you forget.

Some also use acronyms or word associations for memorization, grouping fallacies according to the first letter of each (e.g., CRABFEST: Complex question, Reification, Ad hominem, Bifurcation, Begging the question, Faulty appeal to authority, Equivocation, Straw man). Regular practice by analyzing real-world arguments found in news, debates, or television can help cement your ability to recognize and name fallacies as they appear.

AI prompt 5 (follow-up):

great! thanks!

AI response 5:

To memorize logical fallacies effectively, use a combination of understanding, association, and regular practice:

– Use mnemonic devices or acronyms like “CRABFEST” to remember sets of common fallacies by their first letters (e.g., Complex question, Reification, Ad hominem, Bifurcation, Begging the question, Faulty appeal to authority, Equivocation, Straw man).
– Employ the memory palace technique, associating each fallacy with a vivid mental image placed in a familiar location to improve recall.
– Practice recognizing fallacies in real-world arguments found in debates, speeches, or media to reinforce learning contextually.
– Use spaced repetition tools such as flashcard apps (e.g., Anki) to revisit fallacies periodically and strengthen long-term memory.
– Focus on understanding why a fallacy is flawed rather than just memorizing the name, as comprehension aids retention and application.
– Avoid rote memorization only; instead, study good explanations and examples that illustrate each fallacy’s essence and usage.
Regularly pointing out and explaining fallacies when encountered helps make the knowledge active and practical for critical thinking and argument analysis.

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