Time revisited. V3

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Time revisited. V3

[ Selected from my articles about time ]

Version three. An article from my old blog ..

https://youthextension.wordpress.com/2020/04/02/misconceptions-about-spacetime/

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[ I discovered many grammatical errors in the article which I wroth over five years ago — I leave those unchanged ]

AI prompt:

please rewrite and expand on the idea, excluding pure philosophy and counting with scientific truths only:

misconceptions about spacetime.

commonly people think that in the four dimensional universe which we observe with our senses, the arrow of time is unique compared to three dimensions of space. not true. similarly as arrow of time evolves in one direction only, so do the arrows of space. the space is expanding, and all the inertial reference frames are moving in a way that not a single thing in the universe can ever return to exactly the same location, or even stay in the same location. it only appears so, it’s an illusion created by taking a fixed frame of reference, which in fact is moving itself compared to other reference points. similarly, the time can only be measured by another moving frame of reference, a regular movement taken as a clock. even if one is able to return to a theoretical fixed point in space, it won’t be the same space due to random quantum fluctuations in that location.

as in some approximation at some inertial frame of reference it is possible to move back in space, also time can be turned back to its approximation. if it will ever turns back in its entirety, in a large scale and fine precision, you will not know about it, because also your memories will be lost to the point where you returned in time. all the fixtion about returning to the past assumes that one keeps the memories, or even gets younger while retaining memories, thus it is already an approximation, because the cells and particles in brain won’t be turned back to the previous state in the fixtion stories.

in reality you can achieve going back in time, but that’s an economical problem — how much energy you are willing to and able to spend. you cannot turn back time of the whole universe, because you need to have more energy than universe has in it. even if it was possible, you wouldn’t know it happened, because as i said, also your memories would reset to that point in time. only approximation of return in time and space is possible. for example, if you lost a thing, you can replace it with another one which is almost exactly the same. anything considerably large and complex, either non living or living, to turn to the almost the same previous state, is not a problem of possibility in theory, but the problem of existing technology to achieve it. it doesn’t mean that the technology should be able to achieve the exact configuration in the spacetime, it only needs to be able to create a sufficiently close approximation that one wouldn’t notice any difference from the state in certain moment in the past. that is completely in the realm of possibilities and no laws of physics forbid achieving it. nevertheless, the exact return is impossible neither in the arrow of time nor space.

the arrows of space and time all only move in one direction. all of them is possible to turn back to some approximation, which in macroscopic world would give an illusion of return in space and time, which for a living being would be good enough to feel like time has been turned back.

the proof of turning back time is overlooked, it’s in the coordinates.

the very mathematics of graphical representation of spacetime proves the possibility of turning back time. the issue is here only that you cannot return back in time into the perfect environment where everything is back in its place as before. why? because the other components move to different locations in the spacetime. if all the visible and sensible to you elements will return to exact location, including all the molecules in your brain and your body, then for you time has not passed in that location in spacetime – it means you will have arrived back in time. it is not possible for living organisms only for the reason that they spend internal energy for movement. to put it other ways, you may return back in time in most cases, almost entirely, like going out from home and coming back, to some degree of approximation, but some parts of you will remain in other locations of spacetime, being replaced by other parts which you will bring to your previous location in spacetime. the illusion of impossibility of turning back time is only created by the fact that every moving point in space has its own movement. only your knowledge about existence of other parts in movement relative to you creates the illusion of no return. in the inertial reference frame of any single point in space, of any particle which is not aware about existence of other particles, there is no change in spacetime. change in spacetime is created by knowledge of other parts, which allows to construct coordinates. the coordinates allow to turn back everything, incuding time, but not entirely in macroscopic world.

similarly to measuring space with length in comparison to other length, also time is measured by length, whatever the device of measuring the “time” is. it is separation and change in length that makes things look different, appearing to us like passage of time because we are making a conscious sense of change.

i must make a remark here that spacetime is a physical thing, not an illusion. einstein was famous, among other things, for discarding existence of aether (ether), for public, but at the same time he did not discard the aether by the very fact that he considered spacetime as something possible to bend. also, he used lorenz transformations for his calculations, but lorentz based his formulas on the existence of aether. it is only possible to affect ‘something’, but if there is no aether then nothing could affect space-time. thus, as aether exists and all four dimensions of spacetime are the properties of aether, then it would seem like one could move in all directions in the aether, incuding time. but it could only be possible if spacetme was fixed. nothing can ever return to the exact location neither in space nor in time, but nevertheless it is possible to a degree of approximation.

there is a possibilty that the reason why relativity cannot be merged with quantum reality, is because in macroscopic scale the above described approximation is possible, while in quantum level the changes of spacetime are comparatively too large for some stable emergent physical properties to be possible.

there’s also a very real possibility of an emergent time from the three dimensions of space, not a separate arrow, but that’s an entirely different discussion. in short, as long as space changes the time changes. i suppose most of you have already read, heard and thought about those theories, as you are still reading this article. if not, then those theories are easy to find all over the internet. another possibility is that time arrow is just a tensor of three vectors of time. if all the vectors of space go to zero, then the value of tensor is also zero.

considering all of the above, it would be way more energy efficient and technologically easier to achieve a virtual reality in your brain, by reconstructing the time of the past. you wouldn’t know any difference from reality. it’s even better, because you can create the past to the perfection of your wishes, avoiding the things you didn’t like in the past, and you will have a safe switch to come back to the future if you feel like making a bad mistake in the recreated past.

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AI response:

Here is a revised and expanded version of your original idea, rewritten to emphasize **scientific coherence** and clarity, while **excluding philosophical speculation**. It focuses on real, testable principles from **relativity, cosmology, and quantum physics** and steers away from purely metaphysical or fictional notions:

### **Misconceptions About Spacetime: A Scientific Perspective**

A common misconception about spacetime is that **time behaves fundamentally differently from space**—especially in terms of having a unique “arrow” or direction. However, this interpretation is overly simplistic and fails to reflect what modern physics reveals about our universe.

#### **1. The “Arrow of Time” vs. the Arrows of Space**

It’s widely assumed that while we can move freely in all directions of space, we are forced to march only forward in time. From a physical standpoint, this contrast is misleading. While time *does* seem to flow in one direction—primarily due to entropy increase—**space also evolves irreversibly on a large scale**.

The universe is expanding. Galaxies are moving apart. This means that **no location in space remains the same across cosmic time**, and no object can return to the “exact” position it once occupied due to the dynamic curvature and motion of the spacetime fabric. Apparent stillness or repetition (like a pendulum swinging back and forth) is always relative to a frame of reference, which itself is in motion on a cosmic scale.

Thus, **time and space both exhibit arrows**, not just because of thermodynamic consequences, but due to their mutual embedding in the dynamical structure of spacetime.

#### **2. Spacetime as a Physical Structure, Not an Abstract Concept**

Einstein’s general theory of relativity treats spacetime as a **real physical entity**—something that can warp, stretch, and evolve depending on mass and energy distributions. It’s not just a backdrop or mathematical convenience, but a **medium** that reacts to energetic content. This is observable in gravitational lensing, frame dragging, and time dilation—effects confirmed experimentally with great precision.

Importantly, Einstein himself **didnot** deny the existence of a kind of “aether” outright; he discarded the stationary, luminiferous aether of 19th-century physics but acknowledged that **spacetime behaves like a medium** with physical properties. The bending of spacetime by gravity, or time dilation near mass or speed, demonstrates that **what we call ‘empty space’ is not empty at all—but structured**.

#### **3. Why We Can’t Truly “Go Back in Time”**

There’s no known physical mechanism that allows complete reversal of time at a macroscopic scale. The **laws of physics** (especially relativistic mechanics and quantum field theory) are **time-symmetric in form**, but **entropy is not**. The Second Law of Thermodynamics dictates that **entropy increases**, setting a preferential direction in the evolution of complex systems—this is the root of the “arrow of time.”

Even imagining a time-reversal: if all matter reverted to a previous state, including all molecular, subatomic, and neurological structures, then **the observer wouldn’t “know” they had time traveled**—their memories would also revert. Time reversal stories in fiction assume retained memory or conscious continuity, but **there’s no mechanism in physics to isolate memory from total physical entropy**.

Recreating a past state **perfectly** is **infeasible**—not because physical principles forbid it, but because of **practical and energetic limitations**. You would need to **measure and reconstruct** the positions, states, and entanglements of trillions of particles, including quantum fluctuations. However, **approximate reconstructions**—especially ones good enough to appear identical to human perception—are physically possible.

#### **4. Measurement, Memory, and Relative Motion**

Both space and time are measured relative to “clocks”—regular cyclic phenomena or reference frames in motion. A key insight from special relativity is that **there’s no single background time or preferred frame**. Any observer’s measurement depends on their **velocity and gravitational potential** relative to the system being observed.

From the perspective of a sufficiently small or isolated particle, **there may be no perceived change at all** if it does not interact with others. Change—and, by extension, the awareness of time—only arises from comparing one configuration to another. Time, as we experience it, is **a result of information processing and memory comparison**, not a universal clock ticking behind the scenes.

#### **5. Time Reversal at the Quantum and Relativistic Interfaces**

At the **quantum level**, many equations (like the Schrödinger equation or quantum field propagators) allow time-reversibility. However, when scaled up, quantum fluctuations introduce inherent unpredictability (especially with decoherence and the collapse of wavefunctions).

Meanwhile, in **general relativity**, spacetime is smooth and continuous. Reconciling this with the quantized, probabilistic nature of quantum physics is **one of the unsolved problems in physics**. It is possible that the tensions arise because **relativity treats spacetime classically** and deterministically, while **quantum theories demand granularity and intrinsic uncertainty**. The divergence may partly stem from applying macroscopic approximations (like deterministic reversibility) to inherently statistical systems.

#### **6. Practical Time Reconstruction: The Case for Virtuality**

While **true time reversal** is impossible in physical reality, **virtual reconstructions** may be almost indistinguishable from the real thing. Given brain–computer interfaces and immersive simulation technologies, it’s entirely feasible to **reconstruct a subjective experience of the past**, blending memory recovery, historical data, and generative modeling.

Such reconstructions do **not violate any physical laws**, and in fact, may be the **only energy-efficient way** to “relive” a moment. Unlike total system reversal, which demands astronomical energy and precision, **virtual reconstruction requires only sufficient resolution to fool human perception**. This bridges neuroscience, computational modeling, and thermodynamics into a path forward in re-experiencing moments—without violating causality or entropy.

—

### **Key Takeaways:**

– **Both time and space evolve** in one direction due to the irreversible nature of the universe’s dynamics.
– **Exact return to a previous space-time state** is **physically impossible**, but approximate reconstructions are feasible and bounded only by technology and energy constraints.
– **Your sense of time** is tied to information retention and relative reference frames. Without interaction, there’s no “tick” of time.
– **Virtual approximations** of the past may offer better solutions than physical time travel, bypassing energy limits while maintaining subjective fidelity.

This scientific understanding shows that the rigidity of spacetime flows isn’t a philosophical impulse—it’s built into the very structure of the universe. What we interpret as limits are reflections of **thermodynamics**, **relativity**, and **information theory**, not merely assumptions.

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